Colonial Period

1652-1910

The arrival of European colonizers fundamentally transformed Southern Africa, originating with a logistical station that mutated into a settler colony defined by land dispossession and racial capitalism.

Key Themes

Dutch Settlement
Slave Society
Frontier Wars
Mineral Revolution

Population

Grew from indigenous thousands to a complex multi-racial society of millions

Sources & References

Tap to view 5 sources

Interactive Timeline

4 major events to explore. Tap to reveal more.

Explore the Timeline

Tap on any event to learn more. Each branch reveals deeper layers of history.

Dutch East India Company Arrives
1652

Jan van Riebeeck establishes a refreshment station that quickly expands into the first act of permanent land alienation.

Slave Society at the Cape
1658-1834

The importation of human beings creates a brutal labor system and a vibrant new culture.

The Hundred Years War
1779-1879

A century of conflict between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire over land and sovereignty.

The Mineral Revolution & War
1867-1902

Industrialization, the compound system, and the devastating South African War.

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